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    Research Papers

    The Oil Dispute between Baghdad and Erbil: A Constitutional and Economic Analysis

    Ali Naji / Journalist specializing in economics Oil constitutes Iraq’s most important economic resource, accounting for over 90% of the state’s general revenues and gross domestic product, and serving as the primary source for financing government budgets and infrastructure. Given this central economic role, a clear and escalating dispute has...

    Transformations of Electoral Identity: The Triad Shaping the Political Map in the Upcoming Parliamentary Elections

    Mustafa Al-Saray / Director of Research and Studies at Al-Bayan Center for Studies and Planning; Researcher and Academic in Political Science / University of Baghdad The concept of electoral identity is not yet firmly established, as it has not gained widespread use in either the academic or political spheres. It...

    Parliamentary Performance of the Council of Representatives in Its Fifth Legislative Term: An Analysis of the Legislative Gap and Parliamentary Oversight Index

    Dr. Sabreen Sattar Jabbar / Researcher The parliamentary system is among the most widely adopted forms of governance worldwide and is considered one of the most effective in upholding democratic principles. Within such systems, the legislative body serves as a core official institution, essential for building democratic governance and revitalizing...

    E-commerce: Platforms, E-stores, and the Iraqi Economy Between Reality and Potential

    Dr. Muhammad Abdul Saleh: College of Business Economics - University of Nahrain   Weak Digital Infrastructure: Although e-commerce has become an important resource for economic diversification, Iraq still faces weak digital infrastructure. Additionally, there is a lack of trust in digital consumption (digital transactions) and other related factors, such as...

    The New Generation Movement: A Threat to the KDP and the PUK, or Just Another Gorran?

    Ali Mubarak Abdul Nabi / Researcher The parliamentary elections in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq represent a pivotal political event, reflecting significant transformations in the local political landscape. These elections showcase intense competition among various parties seeking to shape governance and influence the Kurdistan region’s policies. Despite the longstanding dominance...

    Security Sector Reform in Iraq: Past Experiences and Current Realities

    Dr. Imad Moayed Jasim Al-Marsoumi: Professor at the College of Law and Political Science, University of Diyala When the Islamic State (ISIS) seized parts of northern and western Iraq in mid-2014, the Iraqi government, in collaboration with the international community, provided assistance to popular and tribal groups that volunteered to...

    Mechanisms for Supporting Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) (With Reference to Selected Models)

    Dr. Mohammed Armin Karbeit / Ph.D. in Political Science - Ministry of Trade / Foreign Economic Relations Department Dr. Ali Abdul Razzaq Saleh / Ph.D. in Law - Ministry of Trade / Foreign Economic Relations Department   Any global economy consists of various elements such as capital, management, production, distribution, consumption, saving,...

    Can Iraq Replace U.S. Dollar Reserves with Gold and Precious Metals for Monetary Stability?

    Dr. Abbas Kadhim Jasem Al-Daami, University of Karbala – College of Administration and Economics Alia Thaer Mardan, University of Karbala – College of Administration and Economics There is no doubt that the U.S. dollar represents the world's primary currency due to the strength of the U.S. economy, and it is considered...

    UNAMI from the beginning to the end of the mission

    Dr. Ali Saadi Abdul Zahra: Faculty of Law/Nahrain University Professor. Dr. Imad Salah al-Sheikh Daoud: Professor of Public Policy/Nahrain University.   Since its establishment on August 14, 2003, pursuant to United Nations Security Council Resolution 1500, the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI) has played a broad role in Iraq. This...

    Kurds From Secession to Democratic Nation

    Brian Ahmed Zardasht / Kurdish journalist and researcher, holds a master's degree in political science.   The Kurdish issue is one of the most prominent issues in the Middle East, and the most complex, since the end of the two world wars and the end of colonialism in the region, which...