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    Economic Studies

    Artificial Intelligence and Privacy in the Iraqi Digital Economic Space Challenges and Solutions, with an Overview of Privacy Protection Measures in Iraq and Norway

    Dr. Sanaa Abdul Qader Mustafa / University Professor – Norway – PhD in Industrial Economics The operational importance of artificial intelligence privacy in the Iraqi digital space lies in AI’s reliance on data as a primary source for learning and development. The data used include users’ behaviors, geographic locations, consumer...

    The Oil Dispute between Baghdad and Erbil: A Constitutional and Economic Analysis

    Ali Naji / Journalist specializing in economics Oil constitutes Iraq’s most important economic resource, accounting for over 90% of the state’s general revenues and gross domestic product, and serving as the primary source for financing government budgets and infrastructure. Given this central economic role, a clear and escalating dispute has...

    Economic Policies in the Electoral Programs for the October 2025 Elections in Iraq

    Dr. Abbas Kazem Al-Daami – College of Administration and Economics, University of Karbala Summary There are no reliable sources indicating the electoral programs of Iraqi blocs or their candidates for 2025, whether related to their political, economic, or social agendas. Most current electoral programs are inconsistent or insufficient in...

    Assessing the Impact of the Fire Insurance Gap on the Vulnerability of Private Economic Enterprises in Iraq

    Dr. Ali Dadoush – Economic Researcher The concept of insurance represents a safeguard against unforeseen future events, working to mitigate anticipated material and financial losses resulting from disasters that individuals cannot cover, bear, or determine in scale and consequences. Branches of insurance have expanded according to the types of incidents...

    Turkey and the Pursuit of a Godfather Role in Iraq’s Energy Sector

    Turkey is strategically seeking to capitalize on regional and international developments in order to secure economic, political, and military gains. It seeks to exploit the Kirkuk–Ceyhan pipeline for domestic purposes, with reports indicating it is already using the pipeline to transport oil within Turkey. The issue of transportation is...

    Economy on the Edge of the Strait: Iraq and the Ordeal of Oil Exports Amid Maritime Threats

    Dr. Ali Ahmed Abdul Marzouq / Iraqi Researcher Specializing in Security and Military Policies June 13, 2025, marked a decisive strategic turning point, pushing the region into an unprecedented power imbalance with the outbreak of direct military confrontation between Iran and Israel. This confrontation effectively ended the pattern of indirect...

    Iraq’s 2025 Budget: Is It Time to Rethink How the Federal Budget Is Prepared and Implemented?

    Dr. Ali Abdulrahim Al-Aboudi / Al-Nahrain University – International Economic Relations The general budget is the most critical component of economic and social reform efforts in all countries. For this reason, nations have placed great importance on how the state’s financial budget is managed and the proper methodology for preparing...

    The Repercussions of U.S. Tariffs: On the Global Economy and International Relations “Iraq as a Case Study”

    Ziyad Abdulrahman Ali – Lecturer, College of Political Science, University of Mosul Amid escalating trade tensions between the United States and other countries, tariffs have emerged as one of the primary tools used by the U.S. administration to pursue its economic goals. In this context, the trade policy announced by...

    Real Estate and the Banking Intermediary Between Sellers and Buyers: Will the Real Estate Market Boom or Collapse?

    Salam Jabbar Shihab, Political Economy Researcher Several macroeconomic factors are driving the development of Iraq’s real estate market. The Iraqi economy benefits from high revenues, and there is a genuine and growing demand for housing. As a result, demand is expected to increase by more than 6% annually in...

    An Economic Perspective on the Feasibility of Supporting Iraqi Industrial Projects According to the Mechanisms and Regulations for Industrial Project Support in 2024

    Dr. Ali Abdul Rahim Al-Aboudi / Researcher in Political Economy Affairs, College of Political Science, Al-Nahrain University Discussing industrial projects in a country implies a high level of productive thinking, given the crucial role the industrial sector plays in supporting and stimulating the national economy. Governments worldwide have made concerted...