Parliamentary Performance of the Council of Representatives in Its Fifth Legislative Term: An Analysis of the Legislative Gap and Parliamentary Oversight Index
Dr. Sabreen Sattar Jabbar / Researcher
The parliamentary system is among the most widely adopted forms of governance worldwide and is considered one of the most effective in upholding democratic principles. Within such systems, the legislative body serves as a core official institution, essential for building democratic governance and revitalizing political life. It embodies the will of the people, defends their interests, and safeguards their rights and freedoms. Moreover, it is regarded as the institution most capable of absorbing emerging social dynamics, responding to national priorities, and addressing the needs arising from structural societal transformations.
In examining the subject of this paper—the performance of the Iraqi Council of Representatives during its fifth legislative term—it is necessary to begin with a brief overview of the evolution of parliamentary life in Iraq, along with an outline of the nature of legislative activity following 2003. These topics will be explored throughout the paper.
Iraq’s democratic transition has unfolded under complex and challenging conditions, significantly affecting the development of democratic practices, particularly in terms of public engagement and parliamentary participation. On one hand, persistent terrorist threats, and on the other, external—especially regional—developments, have contributed to the weakening of state institutions. Despite these challenges, some legislative terms have shown notable progress in legislation, oversight, and the exercise of constitutional responsibilities. For example, the second legislative term saw the passage of approximately 215 laws. This contrasts sharply with the fifth legislative term, during which only 48 laws were enacted, despite the existence of numerous postponed and contentious legislative proposals that remain pending.
Additionally, the Council’s oversight functions experienced a significant decline during the fifth term, highlighting the importance of analyzing the legislative and oversight gaps and identifying the primary factors behind the Council’s diminished capacity to fulfill its constitutional obligations.
